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Laboratory Preparation of Oxygen gas from Hydrogen Peroxide

To prepare oxygen in a lab, start with a flat-bottom flask fitted with a two-hole stopper. One hole should have a thistle funnel, while the other should have a delivery tube leading to a trough with a beehive shelf. Fill a gas jar with water since oxygen will be collected by displacing this water downwards. Add manganese dioxide MnO2, a black powder, to the flask. This acts as a catalyst, speeding up the reaction without being consumed. Then, pour hydrogen peroxide into the flask through the thistle funnel. The reaction will be slower because the peroxide is dilute. Watch for bubbles in the flask as a sign that the reaction has started. Initially, allow some air to escape from the delivery tube. Then, place the gas jar over the beehive shelf to collect the oxygen. The flask will warm up due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. To test for oxygen, fill a test tube with the gas from the jar. Use a glowing splint; if it reignites in the test tube, oxygen is confirmed. For another demonstration, burn sulfur in oxygen. The sulfur will burn with a brighter, blue flame compared to when its in air. To demonstrate the acidity of sulfur dioxide, burn sulfur in oxygen to produce it. Place blue litmus paper in the jar. If the paper turns red, it indicates sulfur dioxides acidity, forming sulfurous acid when dissolved in water. Allow sufficient time for the gas jar to fill, and seal it once collection is complete to retain the oxygen. Always confirm oxygens presence using the glowing splint test.

Uganda Wins Independence (1962) | Full Documentary

On October 9, 1962, Uganda celebrated its independence from British rule with a series of joyful and historic events. The day started with a panoramic view of Kampala, buzzing with excitement. At Entebbe Airport, the Duke and Duchess of Kent arrived, warmly welcomed by Prime Minister A Milton Obote and His Highness the Kabaka of Buganda. They inspected a guard of honor, and the Duchess was graciously introduced to the local dignitaries. The celebrations continued at Government House, where the Duke and Duchess mingled with Sir Walter Coutts and Lady Coutts, enjoying the grandeur of the occasion. The atmosphere was festive as they later attended a canoe regatta on Lake Victoria, where the waters echoed with the rhythm of Ugandan drums and the cheers of large, celebratory crowds. Local musicians and dancers added to the vibrant scene, showcasing Ugandas rich cultural heritage. Later, at Government House in Buganda, a cocktail party was hosted by the Kabaka, providing a moment of elegance and camaraderie among the leaders and royalty. The highlight of the evening was the Independence Tattoo at Kololo Stadium, where the transition of power was symbolized by the lowering of the Union Jack and the raising of Ugandas new flag amidst the cheers of thousands of proud Ugandans. The following morning, the Independence Day ceremonies continued with the Duke of Kent giving a heartfelt speech, emphasizing Ugandas new journey into sovereignty. Close-ups captured the Duchess of Kents engagement with the events, reflecting the personal touch of the celebrations. The day wrapped up with a grand parade through the streets of Kampala. The Duke and Duchess attended the state opening of Ugandas first independent parliament, driving through crowds of cheering Ugandans in an open car. Inside Parliament, the formalities of a new era were observed, and as they departed, the peoples joy was palpable, marking a significant moment in Ugandas history. Additional key events included the new national anthem being sung for the first time, symbolizing national pride, and the swearing-in of the Prime Minister and Governor General, setting the foundation for Ugandas governance post-independence. This day was not just about the end of colonial rule but the beginning of Uganda shaping its own destiny, with cultural, political, and social events that would be remembered for generations.

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