BIOLOGY GRADE 12 - THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - ETHIOPIA NEW CURRICULUM

Book Description

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Introduction  The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs throughout the body that produce and release hormones.

 The primary function of the endocrine system is to coordinate and regulate bodily processes such as metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, mood, and responses to stress.

 The endocrine system is composed of glands and their chemical messengers called hormones.

Hormones  Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands and tissues in the body.

 They are secreted into the bloodstream and travel to target cells or organs where they exert specific effects on physiological processes.

 Hormones act as chemical messages, produced in one part of the body but having an effect somewhere entirely different.

 Many processes in the body are coordinated by hormones.

 Hormones play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, mood, and responses to stress.

 Most hormones only affect certain tissues or organs (their target organ) and the hormone is picked up from the blood by receptors in the cell membranes.

 Although hormones reach all parts of the body, only target cells with receptors respond.

 They can have diverse effects depending on their type and target cells.

 Some hormones stimulate certain activities, while others inhibit them.

 Hormones work in concert with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis.

 They can act rapidly but often slower and long lasting than the nervous system.

 Hormonal signaling is essential for modulating long-term processes and maintaining overall bodily balance.

 Examples of hormones include insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen and testosterone..

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